{"id":883,"date":"2026-10-21T16:25:12","date_gmt":"2026-10-21T05:25:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nexiant.ai\/resources\/blogs\/?p=883"},"modified":"2026-10-21T16:25:14","modified_gmt":"2026-10-21T05:25:14","slug":"insights-uae-decree-law-10-2025-transaction-monitoring-governance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nexiant.ai\/resources\/blogs\/insights-uae-decree-law-10-2025-transaction-monitoring-governance\/","title":{"rendered":"How Federal Decree-Law No. 10 of 2025 Turns UAE Transaction Monitoring Into a Board-Level Governance Question"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style>\n  .nx-blog * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }\n  .nx-blog { font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.75; color: #1a1a2e; max-width: 820px; margin: 0 auto; }\n  .nx-blog h2 { font-size: 1.55rem; font-weight: 700; color: #00184C; margin: 2.5rem 0 0.75rem; padding-bottom: 0.4rem; border-bottom: 3px solid #073EA1; 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}\n  }\n<\/style>\n\n\n<div class=\"nx-blog\">\n\n  <!-- HERO -->\n  <div class=\"nx-hero\">\n    <span class=\"nx-tag\">Transaction Monitoring &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; October 2026 &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; United Arab Emirates<\/span>\n    <p class=\"nx-meta\">Federal Decree-Law No. 10 of 2025 makes continuous monitoring part of due diligence and gives the FIU power to suspend and freeze, so monitoring is now a governance matter.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <!-- INTRODUCTION -->\n  <p><strong>UAE transaction monitoring compliance<\/strong> now rests on a new statute. <a href=\"https:\/\/rulebook.centralbank.ae\/en\/rulebook\/federal-decree-law-no-10-2025-regarding-anti-money-laundering-and-combating-financing\" class=\"nx-inline-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Federal Decree-Law No. 10 of 2025<\/a> was published on 30 September 2025 and took effect on 14 October 2025, repealing Federal Decree-Law No. 20 of 2018.<\/p>\n  <p>Cabinet Resolution No. 134 of 2025, the executive regulations, followed with effect from 14 December 2025, and the Central Bank of the UAE (CBUAE) rulebook lists both instruments. Under Article 41, earlier regulations and circulars stay in force only where they do not conflict with the new law, until they are replaced.<\/p>\n  <p>Most commentary dwells on the headline penalties. For a group risk leader the more useful reading is operational: several articles change what a monitoring programme has to be able to do, and who answers when it cannot.<\/p>\n\n  <!-- TOP VISUAL -->\n  <div class=\"nx-media\">\n    <img decoding=\"async\"\n      src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg' width='820' height='460' viewBox='0 0 820 460'%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3ClinearGradient id='bg' x1='0' y1='0' x2='1' y2='1'%3E%3Cstop offset='0' stop-color='%2300184C'\/%3E%3Cstop offset='1' stop-color='%23073EA1'\/%3E%3C\/linearGradient%3E%3C\/defs%3E%3Crect width='820' height='460' rx='22' fill='url(%23bg)'\/%3E%3Ctext x='410' y='70' text-anchor='middle' font-family='Arial, sans-serif' font-size='30' font-weight='700' fill='%23ffffff'%3EOne law, one monitoring chain%3C\/text%3E%3Crect x='86' y='132' width='165' height='92' rx='18' fill='%23ffffff' opacity='0.92'\/%3E%3Crect x='328' y='132' width='165' height='92' rx='18' fill='%23ffffff' opacity='0.88'\/%3E%3Crect x='570' y='132' width='165' height='92' rx='18' fill='%23ffffff' opacity='0.84'\/%3E%3Crect x='207' y='272' width='165' height='92' rx='18' fill='%23ffffff' opacity='0.86'\/%3E%3Crect x='449' y='272' width='165' height='92' rx='18' fill='%23ffffff' opacity='0.90'\/%3E%3Ccircle cx='168' cy='162' r='16' fill='%23073EA1'\/%3E%3Ccircle cx='410' cy='162' r='16' fill='%23073EA1'\/%3E%3Ccircle cx='652' cy='162' r='16' fill='%23073EA1'\/%3E%3Ccircle cx='290' cy='302' r='16' fill='%23073EA1'\/%3E%3Ccircle cx='531' cy='302' r='16' fill='%23073EA1'\/%3E%3Ctext x='168' y='198' text-anchor='middle' font-family='Arial, sans-serif' font-size='17' font-weight='700' fill='%2300184C'%3ERisk assessment%3C\/text%3E%3Ctext x='410' y='198' text-anchor='middle' font-family='Arial, sans-serif' font-size='17' font-weight='700' fill='%2300184C'%3EMonitoring%3C\/text%3E%3Ctext x='652' y='198' text-anchor='middle' font-family='Arial, sans-serif' font-size='17' font-weight='700' fill='%2300184C'%3ESTR to the FIU%3C\/text%3E%3Ctext x='290' y='338' text-anchor='middle' font-family='Arial, sans-serif' font-size='17' font-weight='700' fill='%2300184C'%3EFIU action%3C\/text%3E%3Ctext x='531' y='338' text-anchor='middle' font-family='Arial, sans-serif' font-size='17' font-weight='700' fill='%2300184C'%3EGroup oversight%3C\/text%3E%3Ctext x='410' y='410' text-anchor='middle' font-family='Arial, sans-serif' font-size='20' font-weight='600' fill='%23AEC9FF'%3EArticles 19, 18 and 5 in sequence%3C\/text%3E%3C\/svg%3E\"\n      alt=\"UAE transaction monitoring compliance visual showing the chain from risk assessment and continuous monitoring through a suspicious transaction report to FIU action and group oversight under Federal Decree-Law No. 10 of 2025\"\n      loading=\"lazy\"\n      width=\"820\"\n      height=\"460\"\n    >\n    <p class=\"nx-caption\">Article 19 sets the risk assessment and monitoring duties, Article 18 the reporting duty, and Article 5 what the FIU can do next.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <!-- QUICK ANSWER -->\n  <div class=\"nx-callout\">\n    <div class=\"nx-callout-title\">Quick answer<\/div>\n    <p>Federal Decree-Law No. 10 of 2025 took effect on 14 October 2025. It defines due diligence to include ongoing monitoring, applies approved policies to all branches and majority-owned subsidiaries, requires suspicious transaction reports regardless of value, and lets the FIU suspend transactions and freeze funds without prior notice.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <h2 id=\"what-the-law-requires-of-monitoring-programmes\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_the_law_requires_of_monitoring_programmes\"><\/span>What the law requires of monitoring programmes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n  <p>Article 19 sets the baseline for financial institutions, designated non-financial businesses and professions, and virtual asset service providers. They must identify, understand, assess, document and continuously update their money laundering, terrorism financing and proliferation financing risks. They must apply customer due diligence and continuous monitoring procedures, with scope set by several risk dimensions and the national risk assessment. And they must keep policies, controls and procedures that senior management has approved. The definition of customer due diligence in Article 1 includes ongoing monitoring procedures, so monitoring sits inside due diligence by definition.<\/p>\n  <p>Article 18 requires a suspicious transaction report without delay and regardless of value, sent directly to the Financial Intelligence Unit. Attempted transactions fall within the definition of suspicious transactions. Article 20 requires a licence, registration or enrolment before anyone carries on a financial activity, a DNFBP activity or a virtual asset service provider activity.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"nx-table-wrap\">\n    <table class=\"nx-table\">\n      <thead>\n        <tr><th>Article<\/th><th>What it requires, and the consequence for monitoring<\/th><th>Type<\/th><\/tr>\n      <\/thead>\n      <tbody>\n        <tr>\n          <td><strong>Article 19(1)(a)<\/strong><\/td>\n          <td>Identify, assess, document and continuously update ML, TF and PF risks. Rules trace back to a current risk assessment.<\/td>\n          <td><span class=\"nx-badge nx-badge--blue\">Risk-based<\/span><\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td><strong>Article 19(1)(b)<\/strong><\/td>\n          <td>Customer due diligence and continuous monitoring, scoped by risk. Monitoring depth varies by customer risk.<\/td>\n          <td><span class=\"nx-badge nx-badge--blue\">Continuous<\/span><\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td><strong>Article 19(1)(d)<\/strong><\/td>\n          <td>Policies approved by senior management, applied to branches and majority-owned subsidiaries. One approved standard across the group.<\/td>\n          <td><span class=\"nx-badge nx-badge--red\">Group-wide<\/span><\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td><strong>Article 18<\/strong><\/td>\n          <td>Suspicious transaction report without delay, regardless of value. No value floor on escalation.<\/td>\n          <td><span class=\"nx-badge nx-badge--red\">Reporting<\/span><\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n      <\/tbody>\n    <\/table>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <h2 id=\"why-group-wide-application-changes-the-design-question\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_group-wide_application_changes_the_design_question\"><\/span>Why group-wide application changes the design question<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n  <p>Article 19(1)(d) extends approved policies, controls and procedures to every branch and majority-owned subsidiary. In a group that runs different monitoring tools in its bank, exchange house and insurance arm, that sentence turns a technology inventory into a compliance question. A rule set tuned for one entity and left alone in another is hard to describe as one programme.<\/p>\n  <p>The same logic applies to customer data. The CBUAE\u2019s 2021 transaction monitoring guidance asks institutions, where practicable, to monitor at customer or relationship level, including across financial groups, and expects the baseline of normal activity to come from customer due diligence and peer-group behaviour. Where entities hold different versions of the same customer, the baseline differs by entity, and so do the alerts.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"nx-signal-panel\">\n    <h3>Signs a group is not yet monitoring as one programme<\/h3>\n    <p>Each of these makes Article 19(1)(d) harder to evidence.<\/p>\n\n    <div class=\"nx-signal-grid\">\n      <div class=\"nx-signal\">\n        <strong>Entity-specific rule sets<\/strong>\n        <span>Each entity tunes its own scenarios and nobody compares them.<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"nx-signal\">\n        <strong>Different customer records<\/strong>\n        <span>The same customer carries different risk ratings in different entities.<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"nx-signal\">\n        <strong>Separate alert queues<\/strong>\n        <span>Alerts are reviewed in different tools with different documentation.<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"nx-signal\">\n        <strong>No group-level reporting<\/strong>\n        <span>Senior management sees entity reports, not one view of programme performance.<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <h2 id=\"what-the-fiu-s-powers-mean-for-case-handling\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_the_FIUs_powers_mean_for_case_handling\"><\/span>What the FIU\u2019s powers mean for case handling<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n  <p>Article 5 lets the Chief of the Unit order, without prior notice, the suspension of a transaction suspected of being related to the crime for up to ten working days. The Chief may also order the freezing of funds held with financial institutions, DNFBPs or virtual asset service providers for up to thirty days, extendable by the Attorney General or a delegate. Institutions must lift a freeze when the order is cancelled or expires, unless it has been extended.<\/p>\n  <p>A suspicious transaction report is therefore no longer the end of the institution\u2019s part in the matter. The Unit can act on it quickly, and under Article 11 can ask for further information in the form and timeframe it sets. A case file that shows what was seen, when, and why a report was or was not filed lets an institution respond inside that window. Under Article 28, deliberately or through gross negligence failing to comply with the reporting duty is an offence, punishable by imprisonment and a fine of AED 100,000 to AED 1 million, or either.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"nx-flow\">\n    <div class=\"nx-flow-step\">\n      <div class=\"nx-flow-number\">1<\/div>\n      <h4>Report filed<\/h4>\n      <p>Article 18: without delay, regardless of value.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"nx-flow-step\">\n      <div class=\"nx-flow-number\">2<\/div>\n      <h4>Unit analysis<\/h4>\n      <p>Article 11: the Unit may request more information.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"nx-flow-step\">\n      <div class=\"nx-flow-number\">3<\/div>\n      <h4>Suspension<\/h4>\n      <p>Article 5: up to ten working days, without prior notice.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"nx-flow-step\">\n      <div class=\"nx-flow-number\">4<\/div>\n      <h4>Freeze<\/h4>\n      <p>Article 5: up to thirty days, extendable by the Attorney General.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <h2 id=\"liability-and-the-time-horizon-of-monitoring-evidence\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Liability_and_the_time_horizon_of_monitoring_evidence\"><\/span>Liability and the time horizon of monitoring evidence<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n  <p>Article 27 sets a corporate fine of AED 5 million to AED 100 million, or the value of the criminal property if greater, where representatives, directors or agents commit money laundering, terrorism financing or proliferation financing offences on a legal person\u2019s behalf. Article 17 separately lets supervisors impose administrative fines of AED 10,000 to AED 5 million per violation, with higher fines for a repeat violation within a year, and allows the penalty to be published.<\/p>\n  <p>Article 37(2) provides that criminal proceedings for these offences do not lapse by prescription. Record-keeping periods are set elsewhere, and the CBUAE\u2019s guidance describes a statutory minimum of five years. They are different questions, but together they mean an institution cannot assume that a monitoring decision from several years ago will never be examined. In practice, decision records that explain reasoning age better than alert logs that record only outcomes.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"nx-callout nx-callout--warning\">\n    <div class=\"nx-callout-title\">Retention is a floor, not a horizon<\/div>\n    <p>Five years is the statutory minimum retention period described in CBUAE guidance. Criminal proceedings under the law do not lapse by prescription (Article 37(2)).<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <h2 id=\"where-fraud-and-financial-crime-meet-in-the-new-offences\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Where_fraud_and_financial_crime_meet_in_the_new_offences\"><\/span>Where fraud and financial crime meet in the new offences<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n  <p>Two offences sit on the border between fraud controls and anti-money-laundering controls. Article 35(2) criminalises unlawfully enabling another person to benefit from one\u2019s account with a financial institution or virtual asset service provider, knowing or having sufficient grounds to believe the use is intended to misuse the account. Article 30(2) covers dealing in virtual assets that are totally anonymous or that obstruct the tracing of a transaction or its parties. A programme that treats mule-account behaviour as a fraud topic and suspicious transaction reporting as a compliance topic can find it hard to show a single view of the same pattern.<\/p>\n\n  <h2 id=\"what-to-do-before-the-next-supervisory-cycle\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_to_do_before_the_next_supervisory_cycle\"><\/span>What to do before the next supervisory cycle<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n  <p>None of this needs to wait for a supervisory visit. Four checks are within a group\u2019s control now.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"nx-obligations\">\n    <div class=\"nx-obl-item\">\n      <h4>Map every monitoring system<\/h4>\n      <p>List which entity and which customers each system covers, and where no system applies.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"nx-obl-item\">\n      <h4>Test group-wide application<\/h4>\n      <p>Check that approved policies actually reach branches and majority-owned subsidiaries.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"nx-obl-item\">\n      <h4>Rehearse an FIU request<\/h4>\n      <p>Time how long it takes to assemble a case file after a request for information.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"nx-obl-item\">\n      <h4>Re-read older guidance against the new law<\/h4>\n      <p>CBUAE guidance written before October 2025 cites the 2018 framework, so cross-references need mapping to Decree-Law No. 10 of 2025 and Cabinet Resolution No. 134 of 2025.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <h2 id=\"how-nexiant-supports-monitoring-that-can-be-governed-as-one-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Nexiant_supports_monitoring_that_can_be_governed_as_one_programme\"><\/span>How Nexiant supports monitoring that can be governed as one programme<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n  <p>FraudShield, Nexiant\u2019s specialist transaction-monitoring brand, is built around real-time detection, configurable rule logic and case-management workflows. For a group working through Article 19(1)(d), the questions to put to any monitoring capability are whether one decision record can span entities, and whether rule changes, alert outcomes and reporting decisions reach senior management in the same form.<\/p>\n\n\n  <hr class=\"nx-divider\">\n\n  <h2 id=\"frequently-asked-questions\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions\"><\/span>Frequently Asked Questions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n  <!-- FAQ -->\n  <div class=\"nx-faq\">\n    <div class=\"nx-faq-item\">\n      <button class=\"nx-faq-q\" aria-expanded=\"false\">What is Federal Decree-Law No. 10 of 2025?<span class=\"nx-chevron\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 10 6\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M1 1l4 4 4-4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/button>\n      <div class=\"nx-faq-a\">It is the UAE\u2019s principal anti-money-laundering, counter-terrorism-financing and counter-proliferation-financing statute. It was published on 30 September 2025, took effect on 14 October 2025 and repealed Federal Decree-Law No. 20 of 2018. Cabinet Resolution No. 134 of 2025 contains the executive regulations.<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"nx-faq-item\">\n      <button class=\"nx-faq-q\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Does the law require real-time transaction monitoring?<span class=\"nx-chevron\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 10 6\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M1 1l4 4 4-4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/button>\n      <div class=\"nx-faq-a\">The law requires continuous monitoring procedures as part of customer due diligence, scaled to risk. It does not set a real-time standard. Real-time screening of payments before completion is a separate CBUAE expectation for sanctions screening, set out in its 2021 guidance.<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"nx-faq-item\">\n      <button class=\"nx-faq-q\" aria-expanded=\"false\">What can the FIU do under Article 5?<span class=\"nx-chevron\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 10 6\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M1 1l4 4 4-4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/button>\n      <div class=\"nx-faq-a\">The Chief of the Unit can order, without prior notice, the suspension of a suspected transaction for up to ten working days and the freezing of suspected funds for up to thirty days. A freeze can be extended by the Attorney General or a delegate.<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"nx-faq-item\">\n      <button class=\"nx-faq-q\" aria-expanded=\"false\">What are the corporate penalties?<span class=\"nx-chevron\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 10 6\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M1 1l4 4 4-4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/button>\n      <div class=\"nx-faq-a\">Article 27 provides a fine of AED 5 million to AED 100 million, or the value of the criminal property if greater, for offences committed on a legal person\u2019s behalf. Article 17 lets supervisors impose administrative fines of AED 10,000 to AED 5 million per violation.<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"nx-faq-item\">\n      <button class=\"nx-faq-q\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Who must comply?<span class=\"nx-chevron\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 10 6\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M1 1l4 4 4-4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/button>\n      <div class=\"nx-faq-a\">Financial institutions, designated non-financial businesses and professions, and virtual asset service providers, each of which needs a licence, registration or enrolment under Article 20. Supervisors include the CBUAE for the institutions it licenses.<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <!-- CTA -->\n  <div class=\"nx-cta\">\n    <h3>Run monitoring as one governed programme across your UAE entities<\/h3>\n    <p>Speak with a Nexiant risk strategy expert about group-wide monitoring governance, or explore how FraudShield supports auditable case management.<\/p>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/nexiant.ai\/contact-us\/\">Speak with an expert<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <p class=\"nx-disclaimer\">This article was accurate at the time of publication in October 2026 and is intended for general informational purposes only. It does not constitute legal, regulatory or compliance advice. Organisations should seek qualified professional guidance in relation to their specific obligations.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<script>\n  document.querySelectorAll('.nx-faq-q').forEach(function(btn) {\n    btn.addEventListener('click', function() {\n      var expanded = this.getAttribute('aria-expanded') === 'true';\n      this.setAttribute('aria-expanded', !expanded);\n      this.nextElementSibling.classList.toggle('open', !expanded);\n    });\n  });\n<\/script>\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n  \"mainEntity\": [\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"What is Federal Decree-Law No. 10 of 2025?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"It is the UAE\u2019s principal anti-money-laundering, counter-terrorism-financing and counter-proliferation-financing statute. 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Federal Decree-Law No. 10 of 2025 was [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":885,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_aioseo_title":"UAE Decree-Law 10 of 2025 and Transaction Monitoring | Nexiant","_aioseo_description":"Federal Decree-Law No. 10 of 2025 raises the stakes for UAE transaction monitoring. What its articles mean for group governance, FIU freezes, and records.","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[45],"tags":[38],"class_list":["post-883","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uae","tag-transaction-monitoring"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Federal Decree-Law No. 10 of 2025 raises the stakes for UAE transaction monitoring. 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